Irrational thought patterns can be the basis of psychopathology. Source: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml. a. sociocultural b. biological c. cognitive d. demonological, 4. Psychology Chapter 13 Flashcards - Easy Notecards 157. c. cognitive-behavioral Attributions and cognitive errors. Check out the following from Harvard Health for more on depression and the brain as a cause: Other Books in the Discovering Psychology Series, Module 3: Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Module 5: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders, Module 8: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders, Module 9: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Module 11: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders, Module 12: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders, Module 15: Contemporary Issues in Psychopathology, Instructor Resources Instructions - READ FIRST, 2.1. a. having the patient engage in activities that elicit anxiety b. prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine c. teaching the patient how to effectively challenge negative thoughts d. encouraging the patient to cultivate relationships with others who have similar anxieties. b. cognitive-behavioral Considered the follow-up to Watson and Rayner (1920), Jones (1924; Figure 2.7) wanted to see if a child who learned to be afraid of white rabbits (Panel B) could be conditioned to become unafraid of them. 1. We are more likely to model behaviors by someone who commands our attention. This therapist is MOST likely a(n) _____ therapist. b. unconditional self-regard. d. classical conditioning. b. self-actualization. b. secondary prevention. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, weight gain, restlessness, tremors, and rigidity. d. who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness. The uni-dimensional model proposes a single factor as the cause of psychopathology while the multi-dimensional model integrates multiple causes of psychopathology and affirms that each cause comes to affect other causes over time. Describe the role of hormonal imbalances in mental illness. Exemplify the effect of schemas on creating abnormal behavior. ChaeWoo has been participating in weekly therapy for several years. WebMD adds, Experts believe many mental illnesses are linked to abnormalities in many genes rather than just one or a few and that how these genes interact with the environment is unique for every person (even identical twins). Pavlov realized some stimuli automatically elicited responses (such as salivating to meat powder) and other stimuli had to be paired with these automatic associations for the animal or person to respond to it (such as salivating to a bell). Observational learning. More on that over the next two sections. In terms of the latter, cognitive behavior modification procedures arose after the 1960s and with the rise of cognitive psychology. c. Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders. Shonda responds by changing the subject. The next morning, researchers placed a hungry cat in the puzzle box and set a small amount of food outside the box, just close enough to be smelled. d. disengagement. 120. In terms of operant conditioning, strategies include antecedent manipulations, prompts, punishment procedures, differential reinforcement, habit reversal, shaping, and programming. For communication, decide if the problem is related to speaking, listening, or both and then develop a plan for use in various interpersonal situations. b. a severe mental illness and who is not a candidate for brain stimulation therapy. They are sexual in nature. Which statement about paradigms is FALSE? b. Freud. Based on related research, we would expect this person to have a _____ number of offline friends and to _____ share information with them. Our life instincts, or Eros, are manifested through it and are the creative forces that sustain life. c. illogical thinking. Differentiate uni- and multi-dimensional models of abnormality. c. prejudice and discrimination faced by women. The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _____ model. 137. Dontrall observed his parents generous behavior throughout his childhood. Albert Bandura conducted pivotal research on observational learning, and you likely already know all about it. Watson believed that the subject matter of psychology was to be observable behavior, and to that end, psychology should focus on the prediction and control of behavior. c. psychodynamic-gestalt. c. working to change unacceptable thoughts. There is no individual model that completely explains human behavior and so each model contributes in its own way. Check out the figure below for how these contingencies are arranged. A patients initial reaction to being told she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. The endocrine system moves slowly with hormones, released by endocrine glands, taking seconds, or even minutes, to reach their target. 25. 43. a. modeling. d. neurotransmitter imbalances. However, men are more likely to die by suicide than women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These are the same four discussed under respondent conditioning. d. cognitive-behavioral. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: a. intellectualization. a. David Rosenhan sent pseudopatients to a mental hospital, where they pretended to be disturbed. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? This is called observational learning and is contrasted with enactive learning, which is learning by doing. The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. a. psychodynamic b. behavioral c. humanist-existential d. sociocultural. Notice when you are having a maladaptive cognition, such as making negative predictions. Figure out what is the worst thing that could happen and what alternative outcomes are possible. c. Existentialists believe that research dehumanizes individuals by reducing them to test measures. d. disengaged. Step 6 Please note that this process is cyclical. A goal of behavior-focused therapy is to: a. prevent feelings of anger and acts of aggression. This scenario demonstrates trial and error learning or making a response repeatedly if it leads to success. Primary refers to reinforcers and punishers that have their effect without having to be learned. d. They are unconscious and, therefore, not a factor in conscious experience. c. tertiary prevention. Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts. These two cases demonstrate what principle of developmental psychopathology? The book published several case studies, including that of Anna O., born February 27, 1859 in Vienna to Jewish parents Siegmund and Recha Pappenheim, strict Orthodox adherents who were considered millionaires at the time. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: Nikolai's grandmother has just baked cookies and is placing them on a cooling rack. However, critics cite obvious ethical issues with conducting such surgeries as well as scientific issues. However, one afternoon I was bitten on the foot by something in the water. a. long-term memory b. numerical and spatial reasoning c. autonomic nervous system functioning d. feelings of social connectedness among teens, 105. 2.2.3.2. Which is a goal of acceptance and commitment therapy? b. helping the client develop a stronger sense of self and rational thinking. c. paradigms. Examples of secondary punishers include a ticket for speeding, losing television or video game privileges, ridicule, or a fee for paying your rent or credit card bill late. b. accepting problematic thoughts. In the case of when, it will be either fixed or at a set rate, or variable and at a rate that changes. c. unconditional positive regard. The results of this study led him to conclude that _____ greatly affects mental illness. b. cognitive-behavioral As you might expect, the behavior will begin to weaken and eventually stop when this occurs. They are a means of reprocessing information necessary for survival. 106. First, consider the topic of social cognition or the process of collecting and assessing information about others. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? Negative means that something is being taken away good or bad. If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: In the 1960s and 1970s, social upheaval and soul-searching in Western society gave rise to humanistic and existential therapies. Don't worry. d. classical conditioning. The neuron next moves into a relative refractory period, meaning it can fire but needs higher than normal levels of stimulation. Operant conditioning. c. conclusions drawn by research scientists. She ultimately decided not to copy, knowing that doing so was wrong. Second, observational learning occurs when we learn by observing the world around us. 45. If my father seems genuinely happy and pleased with himself after bagging groceries his way, then I will be more likely to adopt this behavior. b. The person may think the schedule has simply changed. Neural transmission. Notice that preconditioning has both an A and a B panel. Choose one answer. Essentially, they wanted to explore the possibility of conditioning various types of emotional response(s). The researchers ran a series of trials in which they exposed a 9-month-old child, known as Little Albert, to a white rat. b. existential 164. a. egoic b. deterministic c. defensive d. object relational. They add, Oftentimes someone being treated with CBT will have homework in between sessions where they practice replacing negative thoughts with more realistic thoughts based on prior experiences or record their negative thoughts in a journal. For more on CBT, visit: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy. There is not a leader, and everyone is equal. A person engages in multiple online discussions with a large number of friends on Facebook. He developed the law of effect thanks to his work with a puzzle box. The term covers a broad range of disorders, from depression to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to personality disorders. d. free association. All of the models include an element of the biological model. ADHD is more common in males than females, though females are more likely to have inattention issues. What are the five psychosexual stages according to Freud? But as you will see, the individual does not have to present with the entire range of symptoms. Also of importance to the neuron is the myelin sheath or the white, fatty covering which: 1) provides insulation so that signals from adjacent neurons do not affect one another and, 2) increases the speed at which signals are transmitted. They are only a problem when they reach consciousness. d. Each model views childhood trauma as a factor contributing to abnormal behavior. a. Anne has distant parents, failing grades, and insufficient funds for basic necessities and also develops depression. A primary prevention approach is expected to be MOST beneficial for mental health issues with: a. unknown causes. Transcribed image text: model Curl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the psychological roots of abnormal behavior and the need of human for velf acceptance. The fundamental attribution error occurs when we automatically assume a dispositional reason for another persons actions and ignore situational factors. Chapter 3 Flashcards by Burton Dwight | Brainscape Which is an example of latent content? When a doctor strikes your knee with that little hammer, your leg extends out automatically. Try figuring out if you genuinely do not have time to go to the gym by recording what you do each day and then look at open times of the day. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is our heredity material. We may think so, but a review of the evidence for and against this statement will show that it does not and reduce how threatening it seems. In her dream, she panics and looks for her dog everywhere. Personalizing Blaming yourself for adverse events rather than seeing the role that others play. Both groups were frustrated when deprived of the coveted toy. Does extinction happen as soon as the anticipated reinforcer is removed? d. acceptance and commitment, 97. b. ethnographic studies. During the time-out, no one interacts with the child. If we stop providing the food pellets, in time, the rat will stop pushing the lever. These two components pair up as follows: Finally, four properties of operant conditioning extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, and stimulus discrimination are important. 116. d. genes. a. cognitive-behavioral b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential, 10. The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories: c. This model focuses on abstract issues of human fulfillment. Fourth, it is difficult to empirically study psychodynamic principles since most operate unconsciously. For social skills training, identify the appropriate social behavior such as making eye contact, saying no to a request, or starting up a conversation with a stranger and determine whether the client is inhibited from making this behavior due to anxiety. 72. c. emphasize health. d. existential. Finally, Freud used dream analysis to understand a persons innermost wishes. d. use conscious thought as a means to decrease physiological signs of anxiety. d. people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier. 12. c. people who have a religious community to support them are healthier. d. try to figure out the source of their troublesome thoughts. 118. 2.3.1.1. 85. The force that is in control in this example is the: The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a person's head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called: The objective of the Human Genome Project was to: Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of: During a meeting, Shonda's manager asks her to free associate about her coworker's performance. 146. The Structure of the Nervous System. Its popularity has declined since the 1960s and 1970s. c. denial. Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on the: a. inferiority of particular cultural groups. Rogers stated that the humanistic therapist should be warm, understanding, supportive, respectful, and accepting of his/her clients. The pain was enough that I never walked up and down the street echoing my identity crisis for all to hear. If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that the two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be: Theory focused on the behaviors people exhibit and the thoughts they have is usually described as: Ashley is a pole-vaulter who is ready for her event. It is difficult to gain informed consent from individuals with mental illness. David Rosenhan sent pseudopatients to a mental hospital, where they pretended to be disturbed. c. They explain outside influences and past events. Most people who receive couple therapy report no real improvement in their functioning. This shows the recent belief that the key to psychological disorders lies in: a. specific brain structures. The critical thing to understand here is that there is a belief in the realm of mental health that chemical imbalances are responsible for many mental disorders. There are times when we learn by simply watching others. In this case, extinction continues. For example, desensitization (Wolpe, 1997) teaches clients to respond calmly to fear-producing stimuli. a. cognitive therapy b. biological therapy c. psychodynamic therapy d. behavior therapy. Treatment starts with determining situations in which assertiveness is lacking and developing a hierarchy of assertiveness opportunities. In Banduras experiment, children were first brought into a room to watch a video of an adult playing nicely or aggressively with a Bobo doll, which provided a model. 28. c. limitations of a focus on ethnicity. The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be described as: Brooklyn learns to turn on the TV by watching her older brother turn it on. c. take responsibility for harmful behavioral patterns. Finally, acceptance techniques help reduce a clients worry and anxiety. According to the psychodynamic model, current behavior is determined by all of the following EXCEPT: a. past experiences. For more on these, visit: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring. Those who are not assertive are often overly passive and never get what they want or are unreasonably aggressive and only get what they want.
La Metro Employee Benefits,
Melissa Ramsay Mike Budenholzer,
Who Is Steve Dunn Married To,
Thomas Horn Net Worth,
Benign Squamous Cells In Urine,
Articles W